AFTERNOON SESSION

Whereupon, DR. J THORNTON BOSWELL resumed the stand and, having been previously duly sworn, was examined and testified as follows:

BY MR. GUNN:

Q. We have now taken a lunch break, and I would like to go back to the exhibit, the skull that is marked as Exhibit 74. I'd like to ask you, Dr. Boswell, if you could give me just your own assessment of how the dimensions of the skull that we have here compare, again, in just a very general way, to the skull for President Kennedy.
A. The marks that I've made are really very approximate to the dimensions that are in our written report. And the skull is probably smaller than President Kennedy's, and the marks that we've made on the skull are very approximate.

Q. Would it be your impression that, first, the markings that are contained in the face sheet, Exhibit 1, and in the autopsy protocol are accurate?
A. Yes.

Q. So those are accurate. And would it be fair to say that the markings that you have put on the skull are approximate dimensions based upon what you considered to be the accurate markings that are in the autopsy protocol and the face sheet?
A. That's true, and these really only indicate sort of the magnitude of the wound and the approximate position of it.

Q. And would you say that the drawings that you have made on the skull are roughly proportional to the size of the skull rather than the actual centimeter marking?
A. True, true. That's good.

Q. Dr. Boswell, I'd like to talk to you about the order of procedures as they took place on the night of the autopsy. We have discussed already the arrival of the casket and the removal of the body. I'd like you now to tell me what the first procedure was that was performed in terms of the examination of President Kennedy.
A. The external examination was done first, and as soon as the body had been examined, the photographer was brought in and various photographs, external photographs, were taken, at which point we then backed away and permitted the radiologist to X-ray the entire body, and then we began further external examination and dissection while awaiting the development of the X-ray film. Then the wounds of entry and exit were studied preliminary to an examination of the abdominal and thoracic cavity. The neck wound was determined—its direction and dimension was determined after we had opened the thorax and been able to review the right thoracic cavity, which was the midpoint of the wound.

Q. When was the wound on the back of the body first located? Was that right at the beginning of the autopsy, or did that come later in the autopsy, the wound that you've described as the neck wound?
A. That was recognized fairly early in the autopsy because that—we began studying that first trying to determine if a bullet was present.

Q. With respect to the photographs, was anything done to the skull or to the hair to prepare it for the photographs? For example, was the hair cleaned at all? Was the hair parted in any way or any skull fragments put in before the photographs were taken?
A. Well, photographs were taken at various stages. The scalp was pulled forward in order to demonstrate the wound of entrance. And then the scalp was reflected to show the magnitude of the wound and more or less the direction of the bullet, and then to remove the brain.

Q. Just so I'm clear—and we'll be looking at the photographs in a few minutes, and you can maybe clarify it there. But at least with some of the photographs, is it your testimony that the scalp was pulled in a way different from how it was when you first saw it in order to better illustrate either wound of entry or exit?
A. Yes. The scalp was essentially loose. In the usual autopsy, you have to cut underneath the scalp in order to reflect it. In this case, the scalp was mobile so that you could pull it forward to obscure the wound or pull it back to make the wound completely lucid.

Q. Okay. Was the hair cleaned in any way for purposes of the photographs?
A. No, I don't think so. There was not a lot of blood, as I remember, and I think he had been pretty well cleaned up in the operating—in the emergency room. And I don't think we had to do much in the way of cleansing before we took photographs.

Q. Were any skull fragments put back into place before photographs or before X-rays?
A. I think before we took the—the ones that came from Dallas were never put back in except to try and approximate them to the ones that were present. But I think all the others were left intact.

Q. So, for example, was there a fragment that had fallen out at any point that you then put back into its place before a photograph or X-ray was taken?
A. Yes.

Q. What size fragments and where did you place them at the—
A. Well, the one that's in the diagram on Exhibit 1, that 10-centimeter piece I'm sure was out at one time or another. And I think maybe some of these smaller fragments down at the base of that diagram also were out at one time or another. But those were all put back.

Q. Okay. And you're referring to page 2 of Exhibit 1?
A. I'm sorry. Yes.

Q. Was a Y incision ever made on President Kennedy?
A. Yes.

Q. Would you look at page 4 of Exhibit 26, which, again, were the notes taken of your interview with HSCA members?
A. The second paragraph?

Q. The first full paragraph, down at the last few sentences. It appears to me that this is reporting you to have said that a Y incision was not made. Was that recorded correctly, or do you recall now whether there was a Y incision?
A. Well, there would have to be a Y. This was misunderstood. We went into the chest first, and then the Y incision was extended.

Q. So when you say "this was misunderstood," you're referring to the phrase in the document Exhibit 26 that says there was no Y incision?
A. Said they didn't do a Y, but we examined the chest first and then we ultimately extended the incision to a Y and went into the abdomen.

Q. Could you look at the first sentence of the following paragraph that begins, "Dr. Boswell indicated that we had gotten ourselves in Dutch with the neck and throat wounds with regard to the Secret Service"'? Do you see that?
A. Yes.

Q. Does that seem accurate to you in terms of recounting what you said?
A. Yes.

Q. What did you mean by gotten yourself in Dutch with the Secret Service?
A. Well, that they were reporting things and some of the things that they told people became public and they just hadn't gotten the entire information.

Q. So how was it misreported or—
A. There was some question you asked me earlier that they had—oh, it was about the probing of the wound, and they said that we probed and couldn't find it and thought that the bullet must have been knocked out while—during the resuscitation. That was the sort of thing that was happening while they were on the phone.

Q. Did the Secret Service ever come and talk to you about that during the course of the autopsy or subsequently about that issue?
A. No.

Q. Did you understand that the Secret Service was displeased in some way with anything to do with neck or throat wounds in the autopsy?
A. No. Those people were in such an emotional state that they were running around like chickens with their heads off, and we understood their problem. But we never talked with them directly. They misquoted an awful lot of things that we said or did.

Q. Let me ask you a question from the autopsy manual. This goes to the Y incision. I'd like to have you look at the diagram on page 5 which shows the incisions. Could you describe whether the Y incision on President Kennedy followed that marked on Exhibit 5 or whether it differed in some way?
A. Well, initially, we did this because we were only going to do a thorax.

Q. You mean the incision that would go right below the nipples?
A. Right.

Q. From the armpits underneath—
A. Actually down just above the diaphragm. Beneath the nipples and just above the diaphragm. But then when we were permitted—see, I was trying to find the adrenal glands through the diaphragm from above.

Q. So it's just the top part, the semicircular part, without opening anything down to the—
A. Right.

Q. —middle of—
A. With it open like this, you can get down—you can get the lungs and the heart, get the neck organs and so forth out. But you can't get down into the liver and stomach and so forth. So I was trying to palpate through the diaphragm the adrenals, and I couldn't find them because he didn't have any. And so we talked to Burkley at some point, and we were able to go in and get the kidneys out where the adrenals sit on top of.

Q. So you made a vertical incision that would come down from the sternum—
A. Right.

Q. —down—
A. Exactly.

Q. At what point during the autopsy was the brain removed?
A. I can't be sure, but I think that we did the brain first before we did the dissection of the thorax and abdomen. But I can't be sure about that. I mean, normally, it would be the last thing to be done. But since it was the prime thing in the autopsy, I sort of have a feeling that we did that first. But I won't say for sure.

Q. Was it necessary to make any incisions in the scalp in order to remove the brain?
A. No.

Q. Was it necessary to saw any of the bones in the cranium?
A. No.

Q. Who was it who removed the brain?
A. I think Jim Humes did, but I can't be sure of that.

Q. Do you recall whether there were any difficulties in conjunction with removal of the brain?
A. No.

Q. Do you recall whether it was particularly easy to remove the brain?
A. I think it was a routine procedure. In Dallas, they had said that the cerebellum was the part of the brain that was injured and exuding. But they were wrong because the cerebellum is enclosed in a dural sort of compartment, and in order to get the cerebellum out, you have to cut the dura around, and then you—that's the only hard part about getting the brain out. And the manner in which we were doing it, both the cerebral hemispheres were already exposed without dura, and it was really very simple to take out.

Q. During the course of the autopsy, did you have an opportunity to examine the cerebellum?
A. Yes.

Q. And was there any damage to the cerebellum that you noticed during the time of the autopsy?
A. No.

Q. So both the right and left hemisphere of the cerebellum were intact?
A. Yes.

Q. Was the tentorium damaged at all?
A. No.

Q. Do you recall whether Colonel Finck arrived before or after the brain was removed?
A. Oh, before.

Q. Do you remember in terms of the general chronology of events when the skull fragment or fragments arrived? Was that very late in the autopsy? Do you recall?
A. I think like midway. The one. I think the others came after we had finished.

Q. Okay.
A. Or maybe toward the end.

Q. Drs. Finck and Humes have both referred to the arrival. Dr. Finck said close to midnight, and Dr. Humes said, "I wouldn't wish to guess, but I would have guessed it was midnight or 1 o'clock in the morning." Does that seem to you to be approximately correct? Or would your memory be that it was earlier?
A. Oh, I think it was midnight.

Q. Dr. Boswell, were you present during the time President Kennedy was embalmed?
A. Yes.

Q. Did you participate in that at all, or did you Just observe?
A. We just observed.

Q. Did the skull fragment arrive prior to or after the beginning of the embalming?
A. Prior to.

Q. Was the fragment placed into the cranium in the course of the embalming?
A. No.

Q. Was it kept separate from the body?
A. Yes.

Q. Who took possession of that fragment, if you recall?
A. I think it was retained with the brain in Smoky Stover's office. It was put in his closet, in the closet of his office, and locked up that night. And then I would assume—but I don't know— that the bone fragments went with all the rest of the material down to the White House, although it may have been kept by the Secret—or by the Warren Commission. I'm not sure.

Q. Is there a standard procedure, the best you know, for keeping fragments of bones or skull with the body or not with the body when there is a—when it is a forensic case?
A. Usually that's part of the forensic material that's retained for courts and trials and so forth.

Q. So it would be your understanding it would be a normal autopsy procedure, normal forensic autopsy procedure, to keep certain parts of the body as evidence for potential trial?
A. True.

Q. I'd like to shift the direction a little bit now and talk to you about records. The first question would be: Who during the course of the autopsy took any records or notes that you recall?
A. I think Jim Humes and Bob Karnei, who was our senior resident working with us that night, and myself did all the note-taking. And then Jim took all our collected notes with him to write up the autopsy.

Q. Did he take them on the—I guess very early on the morning of the 23rd, or did he take them later?
A. He took them with him home at midnight. Smoky called us—Jim took the bucket with the brain and whatever else—we had the tissue samples for microscopy. We took all that up to our offices and into Smoky's office, and at that time, it was thought that there was some sort of a cabal and that some—you know, anybody was likely to be killed, Johnson or anybody else. And Smoky says, J, you take Jim home. So I got in my car behind Jim Humes, and I followed him home. And then I went home, and he stayed up the rest of the night writing up the autopsy.

Q. When did you first see a draft of the autopsy?
A. The next morning.

Q. Approximately what time?
A. Ten o'clock.

Q. What were the circumstances when you saw it? Did you go to his home, or was it at the hospital?
A. I went to the hospital.

Q. Was the first draft, do you recall, handwritten or typed?
A. Well, he had written—he had handwritten one, and then he rewrote it. And I don't know whether I saw that or—I think maybe it was typed before I saw it. I don't think I ever saw a handwritten copy.

Q. Now, is it—well, did you see a version of the autopsy at about 10 o'clock at the hospital—
A. Yes.

Q. —on Saturday? And that one was handwritten?
A. No. That—

Q. That was typed?
A. I'm almost sure that was already typed.

Q. Now, was it your understanding that Dr. Humes wrote a handwritten version immediately after the autopsy and that he then wrote a subsequent draft, handwritten again, and that one was subsequently typed?
A. Yes.

Q. That's the chronology that you understand?
A. Right.

Q. Did you ever talk to him, that is, Dr. Humes, about the contents of the first draft of the autopsy?
A. No.

Q. Do you know whether he spoke to anyone about the contents of the first draft of the autopsy, such as Captain Stover?
A. He's talked to an awful lot of people about that.

Q. I don't mean after the fact, but I mean—
A. I mean investigating committees and all sorts of people, because he burned—I don't know why that wasn't burned, but he—

Q. You're referring to Exhibit 1?
A. Yeah. He—anything with blood on it—and that obviously had blood on it. It's watermarked. He was working on a card table in front of his fireplace, and he was throwing drafts and redrafts and so forth into the fireplace. And he's described that to many people.

Q. Do you know whether he talked—my question does not go to subsequent investigations, but contemporaneously at the time he was writing it, do I you know whether he spoke to anyone about the contents of the first draft prior to the second draft?
A. I'm not aware of anybody.

Q. Did you ever see the notes that Dr. Humes took during the course of the autopsy?
A. No. I'm trying to think what notes he might have taken. I don't see his handwriting on that.

Q. You mean Exhibit 1?
A. Right. I don't think I saw any of his notes.

Q. Do you have any recollection of seeing Dr. Karnei's notes you previously mentioned?
A. I think that maybe Karnei may be the one who wrote those measurements on Exhibit 1. What else he may have written on it, I don't remember.

Q. Did Dr. Humes ever return to you personally Exhibit 1 or any other notes that you took?
A. No.

Q. Did you take any notes yourself other than what is contained in Exhibit 1?
A. No.

Q. Did you see anyone else at Bethesda taking notes other than yourself, Dr. Karnei, and Dr. Humes?
A. No.

Q. For example, FBI agents or Secret Service?
A. I didn't see anybody writing.

Q. I'd like to ask you about the kinds of records that would typically be generated in the course of an autopsy at Bethesda in the 1960s. So in addition to notes that may have been taken by doctors or prosectors during an autopsy, were there, for example, audiotape recordings of autopsies?
A. No.

Q. Have you ever heard of any audiotapes ever being made of autopsies?
A. Oh, yes.

Q. Do you know when those started in relationship to 1963?
A. Oh, at least when I started my residency in the '50s—'52, '53. We were using audiotapes in those days.

Q. But you don't know of audiotapes having been used at Bethesda?
A. We did occasionally. We were training residents there, and we usually would take the long road. But recording with audio was done.

Q. Was there any reason that there was not an audio recording of President Kennedy's autopsy that you know of?
A. Well, probably a number of reasons. Certainly with the number of people and the noise in there, it probably wouldn't have been a good idea. But when you have three prosectors plus so many other people working, it would not have worked.

Q. Did you ever hear any discussion about whether there should or shouldn't be an audiotape made of the autopsy?
A. That's one thing I've never heard anybody complain about.

Q. Was it ever the custom or practice to have somebody take minutes or notes of proceedings of an autopsy?
A. Always.

Q. Was there somebody who did that?
A. Well, basically I was taking the notes, for the most part.

Q. And by those notes, you're referring to Exhibit 1?
A. Right.

Q. Was it ever the practice, as far as you're aware, to have someone like, we'll say, a full-time stenographer or something of that sort taking more comprehensive notes than Exhibit 1?
A. We didn't do that at Bethesda. There are pathology departments that have done that for years.

Q. And as far as you recall, there was no person who did that for President Kennedy's autopsy?
A. True. That's right.

Q. Were there any kind of records that were created to, for example, log the receipt of the body or the departure of the body?
A. Yes.

Q. How would those be recorded?
A. There was a morgue log book that I'm sure would have recorded the receipt and disposition of the body.

Q. Does that have any other name other than morgue log book that you're aware of?
A. That's all.

Q. That would be the correct term for it. Were there any similar logs for receipt of organs or tissues or sections? How would those be recorded or tracked?
A. If they're brought into the morgue at a time other than when the autopsy was going on, they would be put in the log book.

Q. Would that be the same as the morgue log book?
A. Yes.

Q. So let's suppose that several sections were made from the brain and they were taken out for examination.
A. Oh, in that—no. We had regular sessions with people either coming to the morgue for organ reviews or brain examinations and stuff like that. And they occasionally would take parts back with them to the AFIP or wherever they came from. But I don't think usually those are logged in or out. Now, those people taking those away probably would render a report. So a report would have been sent back to us that that sample had been removed a certain day, certain examinations were done, and the results are reported herewith, that sort of thing.

Q. Did you ever see any documents like that for President Kennedy?
A. No.

Q. Do you know whether there were ever any such documents created?
A. No, because all the materials that we took out of the body were processed and returned to the White House, and our supplementary report reflected all the work that was done.

Q. Did anyone other than Dr. Humes have any responsibility for conducting microscopic examination of the tissues?
A. I think I did that.

Q. Okay. I'd like to show you a document, Exhibit 4, and see if that helps with your recollection. I'll state for the record that's the supplementary report of autopsy of President Kennedy.
A. These are Jim's description. Now, what was your question?

Q. Just who performed the microscopic examination or any other of the examinations on the tissues?
A. Well, Jim Humes and I did the brain. I see he has described the microscopic. I also went over those slides. But these are his description.

Q. You're referring now to Exhibit 4?
A. Yes.

Q. I'd like you to look at Exhibit No. 26 on page 8. This, once again, are staff notes from the interview of HSCA. I'd like you to read the paragraph beginning with "Dr. Boswell said the tissue people." If you could read that through the end of the paragraph, please?

[Pause.]

THE WITNESS: Okay.

BY MR. GUNN:

Q. Is that paragraph a reasonably accurate—
A. Yes.

Q. —recording of your recollection?
A. Mm-hmm.

Q. So when you say tissue people were given the tissue, whom were you referring to?
A. The people that prepare the slides. At autopsy, you cut out small samples of all the organs, and the margins of things like the bullet wounds of entry and that sort of thing, and then after that's fixed for a while in formalin, you take smaller pieces of those, and then that is processed for dehydration and infiltration with paraffin. Those are put in paraffin blocks, and then sections are made to be examined under the microscope, stained and examined under the microscope. So, actually, I gave those to the people at midnight, or earlier, probably 10:30, 11 o'clock at night, and they processed those that night. And when I came in the next day, they were ready for me to examine.

Q. Was there any record created of the transfer of the tissue from you to the testing personnel and then back? Or was that done without records?
A. Well, that's done without records. An autopsy is given a number, and then this—I don't see the number here, but, anyway, they—here it is. And then all the tissue is processed with that number, and there are so many tiny pieces, and they require a little tag that's put through with them. And that's in an autopsy log in the laboratory separate from the morgue log, and that number and the patient is logged in. And then there are logs probably in the secretary's part of the laboratory where they type this up and that's—this number and name is put in their records.

Q. So that you would expect there to be some kind of log book that would show the receipt of the sections, the testing, the results of the test, and then sending the—
A. Yes.

Q. —sections back? Now, in the paragraph that I showed you a moment ago from page 8 of Exhibit No. 26, it refers to this, the sections being available from around noon on the 23rd; is that correct?
A. Right.

Q. So that would have been Saturday at approximately noon?
A. Yes.

Q. Now, previously you mentioned that it was your understanding that Dr. Humes had a draft of the autopsy protocol that was available about 10 o'clock that morning; is that right?
A. Yes.

Q. And do you remember that the draft was available prior to the time that the sections had been returned from tests?
A. Yes. But the microscopic wasn't part of the draft.

Q. Exactly. Sure. Were you present when the results of the testing were dictated?
A. No.

Q. Do you know when the dictating took place on the microscopic sections?
A. No.

Q. Do you know, for example, whether that was on the 23rd at approximately the time they were received, or later?
A. We looked at the slides together Saturday around noon. But he had not dictated the autopsy at that time.

Q. I mean the supplementary report for—
A. Well, I'm not sure he had dictated any of it at that time. He had handwritten out the gross autopsy. And maybe I—I might have reviewed with him his handwritten draft at that time. I can't remember that. But at some time we went over it together, because I'm sure we discussed points and made changes and so forth. But that was done Saturday early afternoon.

Q. Okay. Was anyone else present when you examined the sections around noon on the 23rd? For example, was Dr. Finck there?
A. He was not there.

Q. Was Dr. Karnei there?
A. He was probably there, and probably others of our staff.

Q. Did you conduct any examination of the brain at that time?
A. No.

Q. Was a section made of the wound of entrance on the neck or back?
A. Both.

Q. Do you recall what the results of that—was there a subsequent testing of the back/neck wound?
A. Other than the microscopic?

Q. Yes.
A. No.

Q. Do you recall whether the results of that test were recorded anywhere?
A. Yes. I think they're here.

Q. Could you show me where that is located, the microscopic examination of the—
A. On page 2 of Exhibit 4, at the bottom of the page, skin wounds. It describes the sections taken through the margins of both the skin wounds.

Q. And do you see the reference there to the coagulation necrosis?
A. Yes.

Q. Can you tell me what that signifies?
A. Like burning.

Q. And did that have any bearing on determination of whether that was an entrance wound?
A. No. The size and configuration of the entrance wound are the two most important things.

Q. Did you see any written results of tests on any of the tissues of President Kennedy, other than the document that's in your hand now, Exhibit 4?
A. I'm sorry?

Q. Did you see any written reports of any tests performed on any of the tissues from President Kennedy's body, other than Exhibit 4, which is in your hand now?
A. No.

Q. Prior to the time that you signed the autopsy protocol, which is Exhibit 3, did you discuss the substance of the autopsy with anyone other than Drs. Humes and Finck?
A. Well, I'm sure my wife. She had been staying up all night waiting for me to get home. There was a—the neuropathologist at the AFIP was home when I got there, and I think I probably discussed some of it with him, some of the evening's events and so forth.

Q. Do you remember the circumstances when you signed the autopsy protocol, Exhibit 3? Do you remember what day of the week it was or time of day?
A. This was done on Sunday, wasn't it?

Q. It's not dated. You're referring to Exhibit 3?
A. Yes. I'm almost sure that this was executed on Saturday or Sunday, because Jim took it down to Admiral Burkley. I can't be positive at this moment.

Q. At the time that you signed this, was anyone else in the room with you? Do you recall? "This" being Exhibit 3.
A. Yes. I think that Pierre Finck, Jim Humes, and Smoky Stover and I were in the room. Yeah, I think we were the only ones there at the time we signed it.

Q. Was there any discussion that you recall about anyone wanting the autopsy protocol to read one way rather than another or any changes that were being asked to be made to it by anyone?
A. No one from outside, and Jim and Pierre and I went over it quite carefully item by item and discussed everything in it, as to contents and accuracy and so forth. I do remember that we spent quite a bit of time just preliminary to signing it.

Q. Was there any discussion at all about someone from outside of that group wishing to make any changes or alterations to the autopsy protocol?
A. None.

Q. Did you ever sign more than one version of the autopsy protocol? For example, was there one draft that was written that you signed and then subsequently made a decision to make changes?
A. No. There was just one version. 

Q. Previously in the deposition, you've made reference to there being a probe to help track the direction of the neck wound. Do you recall that?
A. Mm-hmm.

Q. Could you tell me about how long the probe was or describe the dimensions of the probe?
A. It's a little soft metal instrument that looks like a needle with a blunt end on one end and a flattened end on the other, like a needle that you would knit with or something. And it's, I would say, eight inches long, blunt on one end and sort of has a sharp point on the other end.

Q. Were there any X-rays taken with the probe inside the body that you recall?
A. No.

Q. How far in did the probe go?
A. Very short distance. Three inches, about.

Q. Were there any photographs taken with the probe inserted?
A. I doubt it.

Q. I believe from your earlier testimony you said that you were present for the subsequent supplementary examination of the brain. Is that correct?
A. Yes.

Q. Who else was present for that examination?
A. I can't be sure about this. I am sure that Jim and I were there. I think probably Pierre was not, but I think the neuropathologist from AFIP, Richard Davis, was there. And then I'm sure much of our medical staff from the laboratory, I think they probably all would have been there.

Q. So there were quite a number of people there?
A. Yes.

Q. Just in a rough way, is this between 6 and 12 or approximately how many?
A. I would say probably 15, maybe. It was President Kennedy's brain.

Q. Do you remember whether anyone named Stringer was present?
A. Yes. He was the photographer.

Q. Did he take photographs at that time, as best you recall?
A. Throughout the autopsy and the subsequent brain examination. I was thinking about that last night, and he had an assistant or two. They train people in medical photography. And I'm not sure if he was present throughout all this or one of his assistants. I'm almost positive he was there throughout the autopsy. The same is true of the radiologist. He had residents and assistants also, and I know there were at least a couple of radiology technicians moving film about and so forth.

Q. Were any of the radiologists present during the supplementary examination of the brain?
A. I doubt it.

Q. Do you recall Dr. Humes ever having made reference to Admiral Burkley's desire that the brain be interred with the body?
A. No.

Q. Do you recall ever having heard anyone discuss the issue of whether the brain should be interred with the body?
A. I'm sure that in years past that discussion has come up, but I can't remember who and where.

Q. In addition to the supplementary examination of the brain that we've been discussing and the examination of the tissues from around noon on the 23rd, did you participate in any other supplementary examinations of tissues related to President Kennedy?
A. Not at that time.

Q. When did you at some other time?
A. When the material was returned to the Archives.

Q. Okay. When you say "when the material was returned to the Archives," you're meaning two or three years—
A. Slides—yes.

Q. During the time that the material was returned to the Archives, what do you remember there being in the way of, I will call it, biological material, anything related to President Kennedy's body or tissues?
A. Slides, microscopic slides. And I can't remember if there were paraffin blocks. I believe there were paraffin blocks, but I'm not sure. Then, of course, photographs and X-rays. And I can't remember whether—those bone fragments may have been within the—are they still in the archival material? They're not? At some point they were. I think I saw them at the Archives at some point.

Q. Okay. Other than the subsequent examination at the Archives, is it your testimony that you only participated in examinations of the tissues at two times after the initial autopsy? Is that fair?
A. We went down and—when the material first came back, we went down—Jim Humes, Stringer, and the radiologist, Dick somebody or other, and I—and we went through all the material and numbered it and signed it and logged it back in. And then that group of physicians, we asked for pathologists and radiologists, and I guess there were all kinds of people in that group. We went through it again with them that time. Then I think that was the end.

Q. Okay. So just in terms of the time around the autopsy, there were no other opportunities that you had to examine tissues other than the two we've discussed?
A. All the material went to the White House right after the autopsy, within a week.

Q. Do you remember during your supplementary—or during your subsequent review at the National Archives ever seeing something like a stainless steel container?
A. I don't remember that. Can you tell me what was in it?

Q. That's sort of the question that we are interested in. There are some records about there having been a stainless steel container at the Archives. I don't know whether you would have seen that or not. I just want to see if—
A. I'm trying to think how the paraffin blocks—it seems to me the slides and paraffin blocks were in a wooden microscopic slide box. I don't think that was in a metal container. And that's all there was.

Q. Previously, you have mentioned that you were aware that—or you had heard that Dr. Humes had destroyed or burned some of the notes or records related to the autopsy. Have you ever discussed that issue in any depth with Dr. Humes?
A. Yes, we've—I've been present when he's told the story.

Q. He has told the story related to the assassination of President Lincoln—
A. No. No, the story of writing up the report and putting the paper in the fireplace.

Q. What is your understanding of the reason that he burned the papers from President Kennedy's autopsy?
A. Same reason he washed the sheets. He didn't want this material in a museum barn out on—

Q. Did you yourself ever destroy any records created at or about the time of the autopsy as they related to the autopsy of President Kennedy?
A. No. Actually, the only records that I was involved in were the ones on the table here.

MR. GUNN: I'd like to take a-short break while I have some of the photos and X-rays brought in.

[Recess.]

MR. GUNN: We now have in the room with us the autopsy photos in the possession of the National Archives as well as the X-rays, and I'd like to ask Dr. Boswell some questions about them. I have just handed to Dr. Boswell a document marked Exhibit 13, which on its face is the report of inspection by naval medical staff on November 1, 1966, at National Archives of X-rays and photographs of the autopsy of President John F. Kennedy.

BY MR. GUNN:

Q. Dr. Boswell, have you previously seen the document that's marked Exhibit 13?
A. Yes, I have.

Q. Is that your signature on the last page, the second signature down?
A. Yes.

Q. And could you tell me just in very brief form how you came to sign the document that's now marked Exhibit 13?
A. We were notified that the material had been returned to the Archives, and those of us who signed went down to the Archives and met Mr. Rhoads, or Dr. Rhoads, and all the material was brought out to us, and we reviewed it all, reidentified it and labeled it and authenticated it.

Q. Okay. So it was your understanding that this procedure that you were involved in was, at least in part, to assist the Archives in properly cataloguing and labeling the autopsy photographs and X-rays—
A. Yes.

Q. —would that be fair? Now, you notice, for example, on page 4 where it is referring to 4-by-5 black and white negatives, you can see right next to No. 1 where there is the statement that the negative depicts the "left side of head and shoulders." Do you see that?
A. Yes.

Q. I'm going to be making reference to the language in this 1966 report as we discuss the photographs today, so I'll be referring to the language there, and you should feel free at any time to refer back to Exhibit 13. 1 will also be making reference to the photograph numbers that were attached to those photographs at the time of the 1966 inventory. And if you have any questions during the course of or subsequent discussion, don't hesitate to ask.

MR. GUNN: I now have in the room Steve Tilley from the National Archives and Ramona Branch, who will be assisting us with this process. Could you please first show to Dr. Boswell the left side of head and shoulders, which corresponds to black and white photo Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and color Nos. 29, 30, and 31?

BY MR. GUNN:

Q. My first question to you, Dr. Boswell, is whether you have previously seen the photographs that are in this first view of the left side of head and shoulders.
A. Yes, I have.

Q. Do those appear to you to be true and authentic photographs taken at the autopsy of President Kennedy?
A. Yes.

Q. Do you notice any differences between the photographs as they appear now and your recollection of the appearance of President Kennedy from the left profile?
A. No.

Q. Could you tell me whether you can see on the pictures of the left profile of President Kennedy any lacerations in the scalp?
A. No.

Q. Did you or Dr. Humes at any time make any lacerations on the left profile of President Kennedy?
A.  No.

Q. Approximately when during the course of the autopsy were these photographs taken? And by that I mean beginning, middle, end.
A. This is the beginning, very beginning. These were initial photographs.

Q. I asked you a variation of this question before, but as you look at these photographs now, can you tell whether there were any changes made to the appearance of President Kennedy such as the washing of the hair or combing of the hair?
A. These are exactly as the body arrived to us. There's blood clotted in here, around the neck wound, some in the hair, not much. We didn't do anything to this.

MR. GUNN: Okay. Could Dr. Boswell now be shown the second view, which from the 1966 inventory is described as the "right side of head and right shoulder," corresponding to black and white Nos. 5 and 6, and color Nos. 26, 27, and 28?

BY MR. GUNN:

Q. Dr. Boswell, do you recognize photographs that I have just described as the "right side of head and right shoulder"?
A Yes.

Q. To the best of your recollection, are those true and accurate representations of photographs taken at the autopsy of President Kennedy?
A Yes.

Q. Could you please describe in general terms what you observe in terms of wounds in the scalp first of President Kennedy?
A. Well, the scalp is actually avulsed, and this is a huge laceration. The one that I was talking about in earlier questions.

Q. If I could just state for the record, it appears that you're talking about a laceration that is roughly slightly above the ear, that is, towards the vertex, and that the laceration appears to go slightly into the forehead above the right eye? Would that be fair?
A Yes.

Q. Okay.
A. This actually shows almost the magnitude of my drawing on the skull the defect here.

Q. You're pointing to the uppermost portion of President Kennedy's head; is that correct?
A. Yes. Now, what you see at the very top left of the photograph is scalp. This can be folded back down and actually—well, almost completely hide the defect.

Q. Would it be fair to say that the portion of the head that we're seeing that looks disrupted in the portion of the photograph is largely the inside of the scalp—
A. Exactly.

Q. —all pulled back—
A. Yes.

Q. —and if that were pulled forward, that it would cover the defect?
A Yes.

Q. And are you able to view in that photograph any brain tissue?
A. Probably a little bit right here on the right side, just above the fragmented bone, between that and the scalp. There's probably a little bit of brain there.

Q. But you would say just a very small amount within the photograph, that principally we are looking at the inside of the scalp?
A. Right. And this is a bone fragment that's adhered to the underside of the scalp but belongs up here.

Q. When you say the bone fragment, you're referring to the triangular-shaped object right immediately above the ear?
A. Yes.

Q. Above the right ear. And did I understand you correctly that that is a fragment that has come from another portion of the head?
A. Right.

Q. And so how would it be that that skull fragment is in that location?
A. Well, I think it's probably attached to the scalp that's reflected.

Q. So almost as if the scalp is hinged and a piece of the skull is attached to the scalp?
A. Yes. I think the color photograph shows it better. I don't think the black and white shows anything that the color photograph doesn't show.

Q. This is going to be a little bit difficult to describe, but you have identified a laceration that goes onto the forehead. I'd like you to go back from there about an inch-and-a-half and notice a portion of it where the top three parts of it seem to be almost rectangular in shape. Do you see that?
A. Yes.

Q. Can you tell me what that object is there?
A. Okay. This is skull, the white area is skull, and then the skull is fractured, and the bone beyond and above that, behind the hair here, is missing.

Q. Okay. And right to the right of the portion that I have described as being rectangular—and when I say to the right, we should say that the head from the direction that we're looking at is at the top of the document—there is something like a V-shaped indentation there. Do you see that?
A. Yes.

Q. That is coming closer towards the frontal bone. What do you perceive that V-shaped mark to be?
A. Well, the bone is fractured in a straight line here, and then this is another fracture margin. And this may come all the way across here, probably does.

Q. All the way across almost the coronal suture?
A. Yes. This is probably frontal bone, and then this is parietal bone extending up to here.

Q. Can you identify any difference between this photograph and how President Kennedy's body appeared from the right profile when you first saw him at Bethesda?
A. No. It looks the same.

Q. Was this photograph or were these photographs, which we're describing as View 2 or I the second view, taken reasonably near the beginning of the autopsy?
A. Yes.

Q. Could we turn to the third view, please, which is described in the 1966 inventory as the "superior view of the head"? They correspond to black and white photo Nos. 7, 8, 9, and 10, and color photos Nos. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37. Dr. Boswell, do you recognize those as being photographs that you previously designated as "superior view of the head"?
A. Yes.

Q. I'd like to ask you first whether they appear to you to be true and accurate photographs of the autopsy of President Kennedy.
A. Yes.

Q. Do you see any material difference between the photographs as they appear now and President Kennedy as he was photographed on November 22nd?
A. No.

Q. I'm going to ask you to look at approximately the midline of the brain. There appears to be a straight line or a straight-ish line that goes—it appears to me to be slightly left of the midline of the brain that goes through the scalp. Do you see that line that I'm referring to?
A. Yes.

Q. Could you tell me what that line is, as best you understand?
A. Well, that's a laceration margin of—you can see hair, skin, and subcutaneous tissue, and then a little soft membranous tissue attached with some blood coagulation on the under surface of the scalp.

Q. In the photograph, as I mentioned, it appears as if that laceration is somewhat to the left of the midline. If the scalp were put back in place, where would you estimate that that scalp would come on the head?
A. I think it would fall over here.

Q. You're pointing over to the right side?
A. To the right side of the body.

Q. So that the laceration that we see there would not have, in fact, been near the midline but would have come much farther over onto the right hemisphere?
A. Yes.

Q. In that photograph that you're looking at now—again, we're talking about the third view—do you see any material that is readily identifiable as brain tissue?
A. I don't think so.

Q. Would it be fair to say that what we are seeing there in terms of the open wound is principally the interior of the scalp?
A. Yes.

Q. Previously in the deposition, I asked you whether you recalled having seen any brain tissue extruding from the wound at the time that President Kennedy first arrived. Does this photograph help you answer the question about whether there was any brain tissue extruding from the wound?
A. Yes. I see none. I can't be sure that some of this material isn't cerebral cortex fragmented, but I think most of it is just blood within the fascia of the scalp.

Q. I'd like to point out another straight line. Maybe if we can put the nose going up, there is the line that I mentioned before that appears to be left of the midline, the laceration in the scalp. There appears to be another line of some sort right in the center of the midline. It's not as clear as the other line. Can you see the portion I'm referring to?
A. I see it, yes.

Q. Can you tell me what that is, as best you understand?
A. I think that's just the way the tissue is torn. The way that the bullet came in through here and exploded against the top of the skull just shattered everything, and I think these are stretched tear marks, like this was, and this was strong enough to completely separate the tissue. This is a similar one that just didn't completely separate it. There are others over here, too.

Q. Could that be the superior parasagittal sinus?
A. No. That is attached to the under surface of the skull.

Q. So it couldn't be that? Could that be any sort of line or space between the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
A. I don't think so, because from all the other documentation, I know that that fracture line was like this, and this is going to fold over also toward the right side of the body. And I don't think that these are really midline objects. I think that they're going in this direction, toward the right.

Q. Could we turn next to the fourth view, which is described in the 1966 inventory as the "posterior view of wound of entrance of missile high in shoulder"") That corresponds to black and white Nos. 11 and 12, and color Nos. 38 and 39. Dr. Boswell, do those photographs appear to you to be original and authentic photographs taken at the autopsy of President Kennedy?
A. Yes.

Q. Do you notice in those photographs any variation that differs in any material way from what you observed on the night of the autopsy?
A. No.

Q. Can you tell me approximately when during the course of the autopsy that those photographs were taken?
A. Very early.

Q. I'd like to ask you a question first about the scalp, although that's not the center of the photograph, and ask you whether the scalp had been pulled up in any way in order to keep any flaps from hanging down over the back. I don't know if that question was—is— 
A. Yes, I understand.

Q. Maybe if we could look at that photograph in conjunction with one from the third view.
A. Where the flap is coming down?

Q. Yes.
A. I know this—the flap is stretched forward here, because if this fell back down—with him in this sort of recumbent position, yes, this scalp would fold down and cover this wound.

Q. So you're saying that on the fourth view, which are the photographs that are in your hand right now, the scalp has been pulled back and folded back over the top of the head in a way different from the way that they appeared in the third view, the superior view of the head?
A. Yes.

Q. Is that fair?
A. In the previous one, it was permitted just to drop. In this one, it's pulled forward up over the forehead, toward the forehead.

Q. Who, if you recall, pulled up the scalp for the photograph to be taken?
A. There are about three of us involved here, because there are two right hands on that centimeter scale. I think that I probably was pulling the scalp up.

Q. I'd like you to notice in that photograph—and, again, we're still talking about the fourth view—that there is a little white marking—I don't know what it is—that is very near the hairline.
A. Here?

Q. Yes. Do you see that either matter of tissue or something—
A. I have seen that and worried and wondered about it for all these many years. Some people- many people have alleged that to be the wound. I don't think it is.

Q. In relationship to that white marking, whatever it is, could you say or describe approximately where the entrance wound was, where the entrance wound would be in relationship to that?
A. Well, I think that the entrance wound is up in here someplace. I'm talking like a couple of centimeters above the hairline and 4 centimeters to the left of the ear. But I can't argue with that. 1 don't know what that is. I've seen this in other photographs. In some areas, it's a little translucent bubble. I think that the wound of entrance is up in here.

Q. Okay. What I'd like to ask you to do is measure with the centimeter measure here. Maybe if we can—
A. You can't—well, okay. Let's see. This is—

Q. You don't need to try and get it to correspond to the ruler in the photograph.
A. Well, this is about two to one, so—

Q. Just if you can do it on the actual measurement.
A. You want me to measure this?

Q. Measure it from—approximately the distance from that white spot that is on the—
A. Where I think the wound of entrance is?

Q. Yes, that's right, what the distance is.
A. Okay. I think this is ... about 3.5 centimeters with this scale.

Q. Okay. So if President Kennedy were standing erect, then—and we're talking about the measurements corresponding to the photograph and not to real life. But from what I was understanding, you were saying that the measurement would be approximately 3.5 centimeters at approximately a 45-degree angle from that white spot, that is, if President Kennedy were standing erect? Is that fair?
A. Yes.

Q. And it's in the direction towards the right ear?
A. Toward the ear. That's maybe like 30 degrees.

Q. And the point that you are estimating that the entrance wound was located, is that the location that was previously recorded as approximately 2.5 centimeters to the right and slightly above the external occipital—
A. Right.

Q. Okay. Now, if we could go to the other wounds there, could you identify where the entrance wound was in the body of President Kennedy, outside of the scalp now? Does that wound that you're pointing to correspond to the larger wound that is to the right of the ruler in the photograph? Again, assuming President Kennedy were standing erect.
A. Yes.

Q. So it's the wound that comes closer to being towards the tip of the ruler towards the neck?
A. No, this is blood clot down here. This is not wound.

Q. You're referring to a second marking that is somewhat below—
A. Right.

Q. —the larger marking. Was the ruler covering, the ruler in the photograph covering any other wound on the back—
A. No.

Q. —that you're aware of?
A. It's just about over the vertebral bodies, the midline. There's nothing underneath it.

Q. I'd like to go back to one of the Rydberg drawings that we had looked at earlier—and this is from Exhibit MI 13—and ask you whether in looking at the photograph you think that the wound, that is, the entry wound in the body of President Kennedy, corresponds more closely to the Rydberg photograph or to the drawing that appears in Exhibit 1, the drawing that you made at the time of the autopsy.
A. It's sort of in between. There's a lot of skin here above the wound of entry on the back up to where you can see the folds of the base of his neck. But his acromial process is out here and I—

Q. Out under the hand in the photograph?
A. Yes. And here's his clavicle. This is sort of in between these two.

Q. So it's in between the one marked Exhibit 1 and Exhibit MI 13?
A. And the Rydberg drawing.

Q. If you had to match the entrance wound that you can see on the photograph in View 4 to one of the vertebra, would you be able to give an approximate location, either C7 or C4 or T3, whatever?
A. Well, it's certainly not as low as T4. I would say at the lowest it might be T2. I would say around T2.

Q. Can you identify an abrasion collar on the wound depicted in the fourth view?
A. I'm sorry. Now repeat that?

Q. Can you identify an abrasion collar on the wound in the photographs you're looking at now, View 4?
A. Are you talking about the one in the posterior?

Q. Yes.
A. Well, this looks like it's coagulated around here, and that, I guess, is what you would call an abrasion collar.

Q. Did you notice an abrasion collar on that posterior wound during the course of the autopsy?
A. Oh, yes.

Q. So is the question now whether it can be identified by the photograph?
A. This is a good wound of entrance. It's indented, almost round. I think that the photograph is very good for identifying that as a wound of entrance.

Q. Okay. But in terms of identifying an abrasion collar, does it—
A. Oh, I think that's very good. I can't imagine a true forensic pathologist disagreeing with that.

Q. I'd like to go to the fifth view, if we could, which is described in the 1966 inventory as the "right anterior view of head and upper torso, including tracheotomy wound." That corresponds to black and white Nos. 13 and 14 and color Nos. 40 and 41. The first question for you, Dr. Boswell, will be whether these photographs appear to be accurate photos of the autopsy of President Kennedy.
A. Yes.

Q. Let me ask you first whether the wound in the neck that you see from the front is as the neck wound appeared when you first saw it at the autopsy.
A. Yes.

Q. In your experience, is that wound a typical tracheotomy incision?
A. It's pretty big. I'm not sure what "typical" would be, but it's a big tracheos—but I've seen many tracheostomy wounds that big. So it's not too unusual, especially when you're doing it in a terminal, why, you don't worry about the size of the wound.

Q. I'm sorry. When you're doing—
A. When you're doing it in a terminal patient, why, the last thing you're going to worry about is the size of the tracheostomy wound.

Q. I notice that this photo is different from the first view that we took a look at. The eye, at least on the right side, appears to be open. Actually, both eyes appear to be open. Do you recall whether the eyes were open during the course of the autopsy?
A. I don't recall that that was a point of interest. I think we just moved back and let the photographer take the picture, and I think maybe positioning the body may have had something to do with stretching the eyelids. But I don't think we made any attempt to take the pictures with the eyes open or closed.

Q. So the difference on whether the eyes were open or closed would not be of any material significance in terms of the timing of the photographs?
A. No.

Q. I'd like you to note the semi-triangular shaped marking that goes into the forehead. Does that correspond to the laceration that we previously noted in the second view?
A. Yes.

Q. I'd like to show you Exhibit No. 74, the plastic skull, and the line that is marked 2, that comes towards the front. Is it your understanding that the laceration that is there corresponds roughly to the line that is marked No. 2 on the skull?
A. Yes, and I seem to remember this extending down into the rim of the eye more, which it obviously doesn't from these photographs. And that's why I had drawn this down here.

Q. Okay. So the marking that's on the skull on Line 2 probably extends further down towards the eye than would be reflected in the photographs; is that correct?
A. Well, I don't know whether later in the autopsy we stretched this so that this laceration extended down there. At some point, it seemed to me that it did. But this obviously is the way that it was when he came in.

Q. Okay. Could we turn to the sixth view, which is described as "wound of entrance in right posterior occipital region"'? That corresponds to black and white photos Nos. 15 and 16, and color photos Nos. 42 and 43. Do these photographs appear to you, Dr. Boswell, to be accurate representations of photographs taken during the autopsy of President Kennedy?
A. Yes.

Q. In that photograph, is the scalp of President Kennedy being pulled forward?
A. Yes.

Q. For what purpose was it being pulled forward?
A. In order to take the photograph, because if it wasn't pulled forward, this would just—the scalp would come down and cover the wound of entrance here. And this was necessary to demonstrate the wound here.

Q. Okay. Now, as you're looking at the photograph of President Kennedy, if you're looking at it as if President Kennedy were standing erect— of course, he's lying on his side, but we'll look at it from the perspective of the ruler being vertical, pointing upwards, and the head pointing upwards. Could you identify where on the photograph the wound of entrance was located, please—the wound of entrance in the skull?
A. This is the one that I have—photograph that I have had a dilemma about for so many years. This is the white spot that you showed me in the other photograph.

Q. Yes, down near the hairline.
A. Yeah. And that is not where I thought that the wound of entrance was. This must be the wound of entrance.

Q. You're pointing down to the white marking near the hairline?
A. Yeah. I'm trying to find anything up in here, and obviously the photographer was taking this in such a manner to show that. I can't find anything else. This is in disagreement with this, obviously.

Q. When you say it's in disagreement, you're referring to Exhibit MI 13—
A. Yes.

Q. —the Rydberg drawing?
A. Right. Because this is more in the midline and lower.

Q. I'd like to draw your attention to in the color photograph the round, reddish marking just to the right of the ruler, very near the top of the ruler.
A. Yes.

Q. Could that round or ovular-shaped marking be the entrance wound?
A. No.

Q. What is that, if anything, that round or ovular-shaped marking?
A. I think it's the—this is awfully near the front of the scalp fragment here, and here is a laceration up here with complete separation. And when—

Q. You're referring there to the very top of the scalp—
A. Just under the fingers that's holding the scalp up. And if you let—when you let this fall down, in one of the previous photographs—

Q. I'm sorry. Just for the record, you're letting the scalp fall down towards the back and cover where the ruler would be?
A. Yes. If you let that fall down, then this would be right in the midline and that line that you asked me about where the tissue was separated but not completely separated. And I think this is probably the other side of that traumatic disfigurement of the scalp.

Q. If I understood you correctly, were you saying that that marking that we've been pointing to that is near the top of the ruler and somewhat to the right might be the beginning or at least part of the laceration in the scalp?
A. Yes. That's occurring from beneath with the explosion of the bullet.

Q. I'd like you to note the parting of the hair that goes at approximately a 45-degree angle irregularly out to the right. Is that hair that is being pulled to the left covering part of the laceration?
A. Probably. I can see it; probably up in here, at least.

Q. Is there any question in your mind about whether that photograph may have been changed or altered in any way?
A. Oh, I don't know how they would—how anybody could have done that. I mean, all the other things I see here, my hairy arm, everything else looks normal.

Q. Holding aside the question of how someone might have done that, is there anything in that photograph that appears to be different from how you remember seeing it on the night of the autopsy?
A. No, and I've seen it many times since. I've seen this photograph many times since then, and it's—I think this was the photograph that was taken there. It's just that my memory of this apparent lesion—

Q. Down at the bottom towards the hairline?
A. —was in a different location. But everything else fits.

Q. In looking at that photograph, do you have any reason to re-evaluate the location of the wound of entrance in the skull from being 2.5 centimeters to the right and slightly above the right occipital protuberance?
A. Well, these figures are more important to me than this, because I—this I'm not sure of. These I am sure of.

Q. When you say "these figures," you're referring to the autopsy face sheet, Exhibit 1?
A. The measurements on the face sheet. Is there another photograph showing the head wound of entry?

Q. The next photograph, we'll look at it in just a minute. Now I'd like to ask you a question about what is underneath the scalp of what we are looking at now. Let's take the marking that appears towards the hairline right at the base of the neck, or where the hairline meets the neck. if we take the point above that, where would you say that the scalp is or that the skull will be missing underneath the scalp that we can view there?
A. Probably right about here.

Q. So you're—
A. Just about the base of the ear.

Q. So you're pointing to approximately halfway up the ruler that we can observe and to the right of that small fragment, so the skull is missing—
A. Right.

Q. —underneath there.
A. Yes. The reason I asked about another picture, because it seems to me I remember one picture that shows the tunneling very well. And I'm not sure whether that one shows the position of the entry wound any better, but it does show the one-and-a-half centimeter tunnel.

Q. Just to try a different description, because we're trying to put this into words where we're looking at photographs, would it be fair to say—again, we are imagining President Kennedy is standing erect, although he's lying down in this photograph. So with the ruler pointing up, would the portion as it would appear on this photograph to the left of his right ear all be the portion of the skull that was missing?
A. Yes.

Q. Okay. Could we look at View No. 7, please, which was described in the 1966 inventory as a "missile wound of entrance in posterior skull, following reflection of scalp," corresponding to black and white photos Nos. 17 and 18, and color photographs 44 and 45? I'd just say, too, Dr. Boswell, this concludes the end of the views that we have of the skull.

[Pause.]

THE WITNESS: I'm sorry. I cannot orient this at all.

BY MR. GUNN:

Q. Everyone who looks at these photographs has a hard time orienting it. Can you tell whether that is the posterior portion of the cranium or frontal or parietal? Any idea at all?
A. I'm afraid I can't.